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Richard the Lion Hearted, who became king of England in 1189, had inherited Aquitaine from his mother Eleanor and Normandy and Anjou—and England—from his father Henry. As Duke of Normandy and Anjou, Richard was a vassal of the king of France, but he controlled more land in France than did the French king. Although Richard had been an ally of Philip Augustus in the Third Crusade, in 1192 he went to war with the king over his French lands. Richard built Chateau Gaillard on a cliff above the Seine north of Paris to defend his claims to Normandy. Richard chose an excellent site, in the territory of the archbishop of Rouen, who objected strenuously until Richard paid him a handsome sum for the land. Richard also raised money by selling rights of citizenship to residents of the town. (en) |
