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Even now, however, three RV periods can be established, as follows:
1. early Ṛgvedic period: c.1700-1450 BCE: RV books 4, 5, 6.
2. middle, main Ṛgvedic period : c.1450-1300 BCE: books 3, 7, 8.1-47, 8.60-66 and 1.51-191, most probably also 2; prominent: Pūru chieftain Trasadasyu and Bharata chieftain Sudās and their ancestors, and
3. late Ṛgvedic period: c.1300-1200 BCE: books 1.1-50, 8.48-59 , 8.67-103, large sections of 9, and finally 10.1-84, 10.85- 191; emergence of the Kuru tribe, fully developed by the time of Parīkṣit a descendant of Trasadasyu...
With Indo-Aryan settlement mainly in Gandhāra/Panjab, but occasionally extending upto Yamunā/Gangā, e.g. Atri poem 5.52.17; the relatively old poem 6.45.13 has gāngya Even the oldest books of the RV contain data covering all of the Greater Panjab: note the rivers Sindhu 4.54.6, 4.55.3, 5.53.9 ̳Indus‘; Asiknī 4.17.5 ̳Chenab‘; Paru ṣṇ ī 4.22.3. 5.52.9 'Ravi‘; Vipāś 4.30.11 'Beas‘; Yamunā 5.52.17; Gangā 6.45.31 with gāngya 'belonging to the Ganges‘ G. van Driem and A. Parpola believe that these oldest hymns were still composed in Afghanistan . This is, however, not the case as these books contain references to the major rivers of the Panjab, even the Ganges . (en) |
