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In many ways, local populations found Muslim rule more flexible and tolerant than that of Byzantium and Persia. Religious communities were free to practice their faith—to worship and be governed by their religious leaders and laws in such areas as marriage, divorce, and inheritance. In exchange, they were required to pay tribute, a poll tax that entitled them to Muslim protection from outside aggression and exempted them from military service. Thus, they were called the “protected ones” . In effect, this often meant lower taxes, greater local autonomy. (en) |
