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Organizational culture consists of four distinguishable but interrelated components. They include shared basic values, behavioral norms, different types of artifacts, and behaviors... Values can be defined as "a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means, and ends of action." Norms differ from values by a higher degree of specificity and a higher relevance for actual behaviors . The shared values within an organization form the basis for the development of these norms, which legitimate specific behaviors. More specifically, we define norms as expectations about behavior or its results that are at least partially shared by a social group . Artifacts include stories, arrangements, rituals, and language that are created by an organization and have a strong symbolic meaning . The symbolic meaning of artifacts is more important than any instrumental function . In contrast, behaviors refer to organizational behavioral patterns with an instrumental function. (en) |
