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Among the problems of the known string theories, as a theory of hadrons, was the fact that the spectrum of open strings contains massless spin 1 particles, and the spectrum of closed strings contains a massless spin 2 particle , but there are no massless hadrons. In 1974, Joël Scherk and I decided to take string theory seriously as it stood, rather than forcing it to conform to our preconceptions. ... Specifically, Scherk and Schwarz proposed trying to interpret string theory as a unified quantum theory of all forces including gravity. Neveu and Scherk had shown that string theory incorporates the correct gauge invariances to ensure agreement at low energies with Yang-Mills theory. Yoneya and Scherk and Schwarz showed that it also contains gauge invariances that ensure agreement at low energies with general relativity. (en) |
